Sensitive Teeth

What are sensitive teeth?

Sensitive teeth react painfully to temperature changes- namely cold – and give a sharp pain that lasts up to 1 minute and then eases away. It never worsens or lasts longer than a few minutes. If it starts to be painful for longer  e.g. 30mins or  occurs spontaneously without temperature change then it may be an early warning sign of more serious dental problems and you need to see your dentist.

Who suffers from sensitive teeth?

Many people suffer from sensitive teeth and it can start at any time. It can affect people of all ages and will often occur in those with gum disease, acidic diets or aggressive tooth brushing techniques.

What causes sensitive teeth?

The tooth is made up of layers – the protective outer layer ‘enamel’ covers a softer more sensitive inner layer- ‘dentine’– which is covered in exposed nerve endings. If the dentine is exposed, a tooth can become sensitive.  This usually happens when the enamel has thinned or the gum has receded.  Here are some causes of sensitivity:

Tooth decay
Often the first sign of a cavity (hole) can be sensitivity to hot or cold. It is extremely important to get sensitive teeth checked as root canal treatment may be required if the hole is not dealt with quickly.

Dental erosion
This is loss of tooth enamel caused by acid attack from acidic food and drinks. Acid softens the enamel and makes it more prone to wear away. If enamel is worn away the dentine underneath is exposed, which may lead to sensitivity.

Gum recession
Gums may naturally recede (shrink back), and the roots will become exposed and can be more sensitive. Root surfaces do not have an enamel layer to protect them.

Gum disease
A build-up of plaque or tartar can cause the gum to recede down the tooth and even destroy the bony support of the tooth.  Pockets can form in the gums around the tooth, making the area difficult to keep clean and the problem wors

Tooth grinding
This is a habit which involves clenching and grinding the teeth together.  This can cause the enamel of the teeth to be worn away, making the teeth sensitive.

Other causes of pain from sensitivity may arise from:

Cracked teeth or fillings
Although a tooth may not physically be broken, a crack can run from the biting surface of a tooth down towards the root.  Extreme temperatures, especially cold, may cause discomfort.

Tooth whitening
Some patients have sensitivity for a short time during or after having their teeth whitened.  Discuss this with your dentist before having treatment.

When are teeth more likely to be sensitive?

You are more likely to feel the sensitivity when drinking or eating something cold, from cold air catching your teeth, and sometimes with hot foods or drinks.  Some people have sensitivity when they have sweet or acidic food and drink.  The pain can come and go, with some times being worse than others.

Is there anything I can do to treat sensitive teeth at home?

There are many brands of toothpaste on the market made to help ease the pain of sensitive teeth.  The toothpaste should be used twice a day to brush your teeth.  It can also be rubbed onto the sensitive areas and left on overnight. These toothpastes can take anything from a few days to several weeks to take effect.  Your dentist should be able to advise you on which type of toothpaste would be best for you.

Is there anything I should avoid if I have sensitive teeth?

You may find that hot, cold, sweet or acidic drinks, or foods like ice cream can bring on sensitivity, so you may want to avoid these.  If you have sensitivity when brushing your teeth with cold water from the tap, you may need to use warm water instead.  It is important you do not avoid brushing your teeth regularly as this could make the problem worse.

Do I need to go and see my dentist?

Yes, if you have tried treating your sensitive teeth for a few weeks and have had no improvement.

What treatments can the dentist offer?

During an examination the dentist will talk to you about your symptoms. They will look at your teeth to find out what is causing the sensitivity and to find the best way of treating it. The dentist may treat the affected teeth with special de-sensitising products to help relieve the symptoms. Fluoride gels, rinses or varnishes can be applied to sensitive teeth. These can be painted onto the teeth at regular appointments to build up some protection.  Sensitivity can take some time to settle. If this still does not help, your dentist may seal or fill around the neck of the tooth, where the tooth and gum meet, to cover exposed dentine. In very serious cases – if the tooth is cracked or damaged- it may be necessary to crown or root-fill the tooth.

How can I prevent sensitive teeth?

To prevent sensitive teeth follow the principles below: 

• Brush your teeth twice a day for two minutes with FLUORIDE toothpaste. Use small circular movements with a soft- to medium-bristled brush.  Try to avoid brushing your teeth from side to side.
• Change your toothbrush every two to three months, or sooner if it becomes worn.
• Have sugary foods, pure fruit juice and fizzy/acidic drinks in moderate amounts.  Try to have them only at mealtimes, drink through a straw and do not brush for 30mins after you have had an acidic food or drink.